Sit, breathe, smile: effects of single and weekly seated Qigong on blood pressure and quality of life in long-term care.

Freeman SR¹, Hanik SA², Littlejohn ML³, Malandruccolo AA⁴, Coughlin J⁵, Warren B⁶, McGowan CL⁷.

Abstract

Long-term care (LTC) facilities house individuals with diverse combinations of cognitive and physical impairments, and the practice of Seated Qigong eliminates common exercise barriers. This study hypothesized: 1) a single session would lower blood pressure (BP) and improve quality of life (QOL) in a generalized LTC population, and 2) these responses would be attenuated with chronic (weekly) Seated Qigong practice. Ten residents (6 female; 86 ± 7 years) participated in 1X/week Seated Qigong sessions for 10-weeks. BP and QOL were assessed pre- and post-session at baseline and following 5- and 10-weeks of Qigong. Systolic BP was significantly reduced immediately post-session after 10-weeks of Qigong (P = 0.03), yet unchanged at baseline and after 5-weeks (all P > 0.05). Diastolic BP and QOL remained unchanged (P > 0.05). A session of Seated Qigong elicits a hypotensive response with exposure, supporting the notion that repeated sessions may provide advantageous health benefits.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Blood pressure; Qigong; Quality of life

PMID:

24439645

[PubMed - in process]

Empirical study of the influence of a Laughing Qigong Program on long-term care residents.

Hsieh CJ¹, Chang C, Tsai G, Wu HF.

Abstract

AIM:

To determine the psychological and physiological effects of a Laughing Qigong Program on an elderly population in an institutionalized setting.

METHODS:

Participants were recruited from a long-term care institution in northern Taiwan. A total of 99 residents were interviewed and 66 enrolled, there were 33 control participants and 33 experimental participants. The participants were matched according to their abilities as measured by the Barthel Index of Activities for Daily Living. Experimental participants attended the Laughing Qigong Program, twice a week for 4 weeks. Comparisons were made on the Mini-Mental State Examination, Faces Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale and cortisol levels.

RESULTS:

Psychometric measures for participants in the experimental group improved, whereas those in the control group decreased. The experimental group showed the following changes: improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores (Z = -2.28; P < 0.05), improved mood states (Z = -4.47; P < 0.001) and decreased Geriatric Depression Scale scores (Z = 3.79; P < 0.001). There were no significant changes for the experimental group in cortisol levels. By comparison, the control group showed: decreased mood states (Z = 2.53; P < 0.011), increased Geriatric Depression Scale scores (Z = 4.34; P < 0.001) and significant increases in cortisol levels (Z = 2.62; P < 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS:

The Laughing Qigong Program has shown to be an effective, cost-effective non-pharmacological therapy for cognitive impairment, mood states and elderly depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; ●●: ●●-●●.
© 2014 Japan Geriatrics Society.

KEYWORDS:

cognitive function; depression; elderly care; laughter therapy; mood

PMID:

24533887

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Health benefits of qigong or tai chi for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Zeng Y¹, Luo T², Xie H², Huang M³, Cheng AS⁴.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Mind-body interventions are widely used by cancer patients to reduce symptoms and cope better with disease- and treatment-related symptoms. In the last decade, many clinical controlled trials of qigong/tai chi as a cancer treatment have emerged. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of qigong/tai chi on the health-related outcomes of cancer patients.

METHODS:

Five databases (Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the CAJ Full-text Database) were searched until June 30, 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of qigong/tai chi as a treatment intervention for cancer patients were considered for inclusion. The primary outcome for this review was changes in quality of life (QOL) and other physical and psychological effects in cancer patients. The secondary outcome for this review was adverse events of the qigong/tai chi intervention.

RESULTS:

A total of 13 RCTs with 592 subjects were included in this review. Nine RCTs involving 499 subjects provided enough data to generate pooled estimates of effect size for health-related outcomes. For cancer-specific QOL, the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was 7.99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.07, 11.91; Z score=4.00, p<0 -0.00="" -0.06="" -0.37="" -0.67="" -0.69="" -0.74="" -0.93="" -1.51="" -1.66="" -1.80="" -2.43="" -3.51="" .0001="" 0.14="" 0.19="" 1.09="" 12="" and="" anxiety="" baseline="" body="" changes="" ci:="" composition="" cortisol="" depression="" differences="" follow-up="" for="" from="" in="" index="" level="" mass="" mean="" p="0.05).</p" respectively.="" s="" score="1.97," smd="" standardized="" the="" to="" was="" weeks="" were="" wmds="" z="">

CONCLUSION:

This study found that qigong/tai chi had positive effects on the cancer-specific QOL, fatigue, immune function and cortisol level of cancer patients. However, these findings need to be interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of studies identified and high risk of bias in included trials. Further rigorous trials are needed to explore possible therapeutic effects of qigong/tai chi on cancer patients.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Cancer patients; Exercise intervention; Meta-analysis; Qigong; Tai chi

PMID:

24559833

[PubMed - in process]

Primary prevention for risk factors of ischemic stroke with Baduanjin exercise intervention in the community elder population: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Zheng G, Chen B, Fang Q, Yi H, Lin Q, Chen L¹, Tao J, Li J, Zheng X, Li M, Lan X.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the world, and the prevalence of stroke tends to increase with age. Despite advances in acute care and secondary preventive strategies, primary prevention should play the most significant role in the reduction of the burden of stroke. As an important component of traditional Chinese Qigong, Baduanjin exercise is a simple, safe exercise, especially suitable for older adults. However, current evidence is insufficient to inform the use of Baduanjin exercise in the prevention of stroke.The aim of this trail is to systematically evaluate the prevention effect of Baduanjin exercise on ischemic stroke in the community elder population with high risk factors.

METHODS:

A total of 170 eligible participants from the community elder population will be randomly allocated into the Baduanjin exercise group and usual physical activity control group in a 1:1 ratio. Besides usual physical activity, participants in the Baduanjin exercise group will accept a 12-week Baduanjin exercise training with a frequency of five days a week and 40 minutes a day. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, 13 weeks (at end of intervention) and 25 weeks (after additional 12-week follow-up period).

DISCUSSION:

This study will be the randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for primary prevention of stroke in community elder population with high risk factors of stroke. The results of this trial will help to establish the optimal approach for primary prevention of stroke.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003588.Registration date: 24 July, 2013.

PMID:

24712684

[PubMed - in process]

PMCID:

PMC3996200

Effect of qigong training on fatigue in haemodialysis patients: A non-randomized controlled trial.

Wu CY¹, Han HM², Huang MC³, Chen YM⁴, Yu WP⁵, Weng LC⁶.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Fatigue is a debilitating symptom in haemodialysis patients. Qigong presents a potentially safe modality of treatment for chronic fatigue patients but has not yet been evaluated in haemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether qigong exercise affects fatigue in haemodialysis patients.

DESIGN:

A 6-month non-randomized control trial with six measurement periods was conducted. The qigong group was taught to practice qigong three times per week for six months. The control group received usual routine care. Main outcome measure Fatigue, as measured by the "Haemodialysis Patients Fatigue Scale".

RESULTS:

A total of 172 patients participated in this study, with 71 patients in the qigong group and 101 patients in the control group. The results indicated that all patients experienced mild to moderate fatigue. There was no difference between the qigong and control groups in fatigue at baseline. However, fatigue was lower in the qigong group than in the control group at 8 weeks (43.5 vs. 53.9), 12 weeks (44.7 vs. 53.6), 16 weeks (43.2 vs. 50.8), 20 weeks (42 vs. 50.2), and 24 weeks (41.4 vs. 48.4). The results, based on the generalized estimating equation method, showed that fatigue was significantly lower in the qigong group than in the control group (odds ratio=0.004, p=0.005).

CONCLUSION:

Fatigue in the qigong group showed a continuous decrease, which was maintained until the end of data collection at 24 weeks. Thus, qigong presents a potentially effective and safe method to reduce fatigue in haemodialysis patients.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

End-stage renal disease; Fatigue; Haemodialysis; Qigong

PMID:

24731895

[PubMed - in process]

Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Basis for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Theory with Illustrative Cases.

Aung SK¹, Fay H², Hobbs RF 3rd³.

Abstract

Background: Integrative medicine is becoming increasingly accepted in the global scheme of health care. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is often included among integrative medicine modalities. Objective: This article provides a background for integration of acupuncture and other TCM-derived approaches to managing psychiatric conditions. Methods: Classical theories of TCM that pertain to psychiatric conditions are reviewed, focusing on concepts of energetic imbalance, the implications of mind-body-spirit connections, and treatment strategies that involve TCM modalities. An example of correlation between TCM patterns of disharmony and the Western diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is given, along with an illustrative case in which counseling, medications, and acupuncture were combined in treatment. TCM principles are incorporated in certain energy psychology modalities, such as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). A case is presented demonstrating the integration of energy psychology with acupuncture, Qigong and hypnosis as an avenue for releasing pathogenic emotions. In classical TCM theory, assessing and treating spiritual disharmonies is fundamental for dealing with emotional disorders. Practical application in a clinical case is described. Conclusions: TCM offers a cogent theoretical basis for assessing and clinically managing patients presenting with mental health issues. TCM principles integrate well with other systems, including Western medicine.

KEYWORDS:

Acupuncture; CAM; EFT; Hypnosis; Integrative Medicine; Psychiatric Disorders; TCM

PMID:

24761185

[PubMed]

Biofield-based therapies: a systematic review of physiological effects on practitioners during healing.

Baldwin AL¹, Hammerschlag R².

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Several recent reviews have reached guardedly positive conclusions about the effectivenessof biofield therapies in healthcare.(1,2) These studies mainly involved randomized controlled trials to determine changes in condition-related outcome measures, but few addressed the biological basis of these effects.

STUDY OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE:

We performed a systematic review of studies designed to examine whether biofield therapists undergo physiological changes as they enter the healing state. If reproducible changes can be identified, they may serve as markers to reveal events that correlate with the healing process.

METHODS:

Databases were searched for controlled or non-controlled studies of biofield therapies in which physiological measurements were made on practitioners in a healing state, with or without a healee present. Design and reporting criteria, developed in part to reflect the pilot nature of the included studies, were applied using a yes (1.0), partial (0.5), or no (0) scoring system.

RESULTS:

Of 67 identified studies, the inclusion criteria were met by 22, 10 of which involved human healees. Overall, the studies were of moderate to poor quality and many omitted information about the training and experience of the healer. The most frequently measured biomarkers were electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV). EEG changes were inconsistent and not specific to biofield therapies. HRV results suggest an aroused physiology for Reconnective Healing, Bruyere healing, and Hawaiian healing but no changes were detected for Reiki or Therapeutic Touch.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite a decades-long research interest in identifying healing-related biomarkers in biofield healers, little robust evidence of unique physiological changes has emerged to define the healers׳ state.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Reiki; brain biofield; healing touch; heart biofield; qigong; therapeutic touch

PMID:

24767262

[PubMed - in process]

The metabolic syndrome and mind-body therapies: a systematic review.

Anderson JG¹, Taylor AG.

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome, affecting a substantial and increasing percentage of the worldwide population, is comprised of a cluster of symptoms associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. Mind-body modalities based on Eastern philosophy, such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, and meditation, have become increasingly popular worldwide. These complementary therapies have many reported benefits for improving symptoms and physiological measures associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, clinical trial data concerning the effectiveness of these practices on the syndrome as a whole have not been evaluated using a systematic and synthesizing approach. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the data from clinical trials examining the efficacy of mind-body therapies as supportive care modalities for management of the metabolic syndrome. Three clinical trials addressing the use of mind-body therapies for management of the metabolic syndrome were identified. Findings from the studies reviewed support the potential clinical effectiveness of mind-body practices in improving indices of the metabolic syndrome.

PMID:

21773016

[PubMed]

PMCID:

PMC3136147

Effect of Qigong on quality of life: a cross-sectional population-based comparison study in Taiwan.

Ho TJ¹, Christiani DC, Ma TC, Jang TR, Lieng CH, Yeh YC, Lin SZ, Lin JG, Lai JS, Lan TY.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Qigong, similar to Tai Chi Chuan, is beneficial to health. In Taiwan, Waitankung, a type of Qigong, is as popular as Tai Chi Chuan. This population-based comparison study compares the health-related quality of life between people practicing Waitankung and their comparable community residents.

METHODS:

A total of 165 individuals practicing Waitankung were matched by age and sex with 660 general individuals for comparison. Information about health-related quality of life, measured by the SF-36, and other basic and health conditions was obtained from the questionnaires. This study used the linear mixed-effect regression model to examine the association between health-related quality of life and the practice of Waitankung.

RESULTS:

Compared with either sedentary individuals or individuals practicing other types of exercise, the Waitankung group scored higher for eight and five out of ten SF-36 components, respectively. The Waitankung group scored better in general health, vitality, and physical component summary compared to individuals participating in other types of exercise, even when considering the energy expended by exercise.

CONCLUSION:

The results suggest that Waitankung exercising is significantly associated with health-related quality of life. Waitankung may serve as an exercise choice for middle-aged and older people to improve overall quality of life.

PMID:

21740594

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

A critical review of the effects of medical Qigong on quality of life, immune function, and survival in cancer patients.

Oh B¹, Butow P, Mullan B, Hale A, Lee MS, Guo X, Clarke S.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Due to the limitations and side effects of conventional cancer treatment, especially in relation to quality of life (QOL), patients are increasingly utilizing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to supplement health-related outcomes. However, evidence for the safety and efficacy of such treatments is lacking. The purpose of the current review was to investigate evidence for the role of one CAM, medical Qigong (MQ), in supportive care.

METHODS:

The literature was searched for reported effects of MQ in improving QOL, immune function, and survival in cancer patients.

RESULTS:

Although many studies possessed methodological limitations and small sample sizes, encouraging evidence was found for the effects of MQ on these health-related outcomes. More robust evidence in the form of randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes also reflected positive results for the role of MQ in improving QOL, mood and fatigue parameters, and reducing inflammation.

CONCLUSION:

Given such encouraging results, further research is recommended in methodologically sound approaches to further delineate the action of MQ. These findings support the utilization of MQ by cancer patients and the place for such programs in comprehensive cancer care.

PMID:

21715370

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Effect of medical Qigong on cognitive function, quality of life, and a biomarker of inflammation in cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Oh B¹, Butow PN, Mullan BA, Clarke SJ, Beale PJ, Pavlakis N, Lee MS, Rosenthal DS, Larkey L, Vardy J.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Cancer patients often experience diminished cognitive function (CF) and quality of life (QOL) due to the side effects of treatment and the disease symptoms. This study evaluates the effects of medical Qigong (MQ; combination of gentle exercise and meditation) on CF, QOL, and inflammation in cancer patients.

METHODS:

Eighty-one cancer patients recruited between October 2007 and May 2008 were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (n = 44) who received the usual health care and an intervention group (n = 37) who participated in a 10-week MQ program. Self-reported CF was measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC-CF) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive (FACT-Cog). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) was used to measure QOL. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed as a biomarker of inflammation.

RESULTS:

The MQ group self-reported significantly improved CF (mean difference (MD) = 7.78, t (51) = -2.532, p = 0.014) in the EORTC-CF and all the FACT-Cog subscales [perceived cognitive impairment (MD = 4.70, t (43) = -2.254, p = 0.029), impact of perceived cognitive impairment on QOL (MD = 1.64, t (45) = -2.377, p = 0.024), and perceived cognitive abilities (MD = 3.61, t (45) = -2.229, p = 0.031)] compared to controls. The MQ group also reported significantly improved QOL (MD = 12.66, t (45) = -5.715, p < 0.001) and had reduced CRP levels (MD = -0.72, t (45) = 2.092, p = 0.042) compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS:

Results suggest that MQ benefits cancer patients' self-reported CF, QOL, and inflammation. A larger randomized controlled trial including an objective assessment of CF is planned.

PMID:

21688163

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Use of Chinese medicine by cancer patients: a review of surveys.

Carmady B¹, Smith CA.

Abstract

Chinese medicine has been used to treat a variety of cancer-related conditions. This study aims to examine the prevalence and patterns of Chinese medicine usage by cancer patients. We reviewed articles written in English and found only the Chinese medicine usage from the studies on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Seventy four (74) out of 81 articles reported rates of CAM usage ranging from 2.6 to 100%. Acupuncture was reported in 71 out of 81 studies. Other less commonly reported modalities included Qigong (n = 17), Chinese herbal medicine (n = 11), Taichi (n = 10), acupressure (n = 6), moxibustion (n = 2), Chinese dietary therapy (n = 1), Chinese massage (n = 1), cupping (n = 1) and other Chinese medicine modalities (n = 19). This review also found important limitations of the English language articles on CAM usage in cancer patients. Our results show that Chinese medicine, in particular Chinese herbal medicine, is commonly used by cancer patients. Further research is warranted to include studies not written in English.

PMID:

21651825

[PubMed]

PMCID:

PMC3148205

A pilot study of qigong practice and upper respiratory illness in elite swimmers.

Wright PA¹, Innes KE, Alton J, Bovbjerg VE, Owens JE.

Abstract

Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are a common complaint in competitive swimmers and can adversely affect performance. No intervention has yet been shown to reduce URI incidence in intensively trained athletes. The University of Virginia varsity swim team received three weeks of training in qigong for the purpose of reducing stress and improving health. Our primary objective was to assess the relationship between qigong practice and symptoms of URI during a time when swimmers would be at high URI risk. Secondary objectives were to assess degree of compliance with a qigong practice regimen, to evaluate differences between qigong practitioners and non-practitioners, and to determine the response-rate and reliability of a newly developed internet-based, self-report survey. The design was observational, cross-sectional, and prospective. Weekly data on cold and flu symptoms, concurrent health problems and medication use, and qigong practice were gathered for seven weeks. Retrospective information on health and qigong training response was also collected. Participants were 27 of the 55 members of the University of Virginia Swim Team in the Virginia Athletic Department. Main outcomes were measures of aggregated cold/flu symptoms and Qigong practice. Survey completion was 100%, with no missing data, and reliability of the instrument was acceptable. Cold and flu symptoms showed a significant non-linear association with frequency of qigong practice (R(2) = 0.33, p < 0.01), with a strong, inverse relationship between practice frequency and symptom scores in swimmers who practised qigong at least once per week (R(2) = 0.70, p < 0.01). Qigong practitioners did not differ from non-practitioners in demographic or lifestyle characteristics, medical history, supplement or medication use, or belief in qigong. These preliminary findings suggest that qigong practice may be protective against URIs among elite swimmers who practice at least once per week.

PMID:

21598415

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The qigong of 18 Luohan Hands and yoga for prevention of low back pain: A conceptual synthesis.

Posadzki P.

Abstract

The practice of hathayoga is based on the following assumptions: complexity and multidimensionality of various positive influences on an individual's wholeness through the mind, body and their conscious control. On the other hand, the practice of the qigong of 18 Luohan Hands is based on slow movements designed to mobilise qi within the body. This article presents a conceptual integration of yoga and qigong when considering the congruence of beneficial effects for various systems of the body and prevention of low back pain (LBP). The author emphasizes the usefulness of qigong and yoga practice in clinical units and explains how the essence of these practices relates to each other. The justification of this fusion as well as differences between these two modalities are also described and explained. Within the scope of this article the existence of several similarities between these two practices has been suggested for both practitioners and researchers. They can obtain valuable and additional arguments through cross-fertilization of ideas across presented studies united by shared, underlying biomechanical concepts and physiological effects. Such conceptual enrichment may be a useful source of inspiration for qigong and yoga practitioners who tend to prevent LBP and therapists (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, rehabilitants, nurses, bodywork and movement therapists or massage therapists) intended to manage their patients' back pains and overall health on a daily basis.

PMID:

21526369

[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Functional and psychosocial effects of health qigong in patients with COPD: a randomized controlled trial.

Ng BH¹, Tsang HW, Jones AY, So CT, Mok TY.

Abstract

CONTEXT:

The initial gain from a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) begins to fade away 6 months after the completion of a rehabilitation program. One possible reason may be due to the poor compliance of the patients to the existing forms of home exercise program (e.g., walking, weight training activities, etc.).

OBJECTIVES:

This study tested the efficacy of health qigong (HQG), a traditional Chinese exercise, as an adjunct home exercise program in optimizing the gains obtained from PRP until 6 months after discharge.

DESIGN:

This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on a mind-body exercise intervention.

PARTICIPANTS:

Eighty (80) patients with COPD receiving conventional PRP pulmonary rehabilitation program were randomized to the HQG intervention group (n = 40) and control group (n = 40).

OUTCOME MEASURES:

Assessments were undertaken by blinded assessors at baseline, discharge from training, and follow-up (FU) at 3 and 6 months. Primary outcomes involved functional capacity scales and secondary outcomes involved quality-of-life scales.

RESULTS:

Intention-to-treat analysis identified trends of improvement in all outcome measures in the HQG group, whereas lesser improvement and trends of deteriorations were identified in the control group. Ancillary analysis using a per-protocol method, however, identified significantly better improvements in functional capacity measures among the HQG at the 6-month FU.

CONCLUSIONS:

This RCT provided some evidence to support the positive effect of HQG as an adjunct home exercise for rehabilitation among people with COPD and to support further related research.

PMID:

21417809

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Effectiveness of Qigong in promoting the health of wheelchair-bound older adults in long-term care facilities.

Kuan SC¹, Chen KM, Wang C.

Abstract

Institutional wheelchair-bound older adults often do not get regular exercise and are prone to health problems. The aim of this study was to test the effects of a 12-week qigong exercise program on the physiological and psychological health of wheelchair-bound older adults in long-term care facilities. Study design was quasi-experimental, pre-post test, nonequivalent control group. Participants comprised a convenience sample of 72 wheelchair-bound older adults (qigong = 34; control = 38). The qigong group exercised 35 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Measures for physical health (blood pressure, heart rate variability, and distal skin temperature) and psychological health (Brief Symptom Rating Scale-5) were collected before and during study Weeks 4, 8, and 12. The qigong group participants' blood pressure, distal skin temperature, and psychological health were significantly improved (all p < .001). These findings suggest that qigong exercise is a suitable daily activity for elderly residents in long-term care facilities and may help in the control of blood pressure among older adults.

PMID:

21385797

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Qigong for healthcare: an overview of systematic reviews.

Lee MS¹, Oh B, Ernst E.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Qigong has been recommended to improve health and prevent disease but the evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this overview was to critically evaluate all systematic reviews (SRs) of qigong for the treatment of any condition or symptom.

DESIGN:

Literature searches were carried out in 11 electronic databases for all systematic reviews of the effectiveness of qigong in any indication. Reviews were defined as systematic if they included an explicit and repeatable methods section describing the search strategy and explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria.

SETTING:

Retrospective review of medical database.

PARTICIPANTS:

Participants with any type of medical conditions of any severity were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Evidence from each systematic review.

RESULTS:

Ten systematic reviews were included. They related to a wide range of conditions. The primary studies and several of the reviews were associated with a high risk of bias. Five reviews concluded that qigong is effective and five reviews were inconclusive.

CONCLUSION:

The effectiveness of qigong is based mostly on poor quality research. Therefore, it would be unwise to draw firm conclusions at this stage.

PMID:

21369525

[PubMed]

PMCID:

PMC3046559

Intracerebral source generators characterizing concentrative meditation.

Lavallee CF¹, Hunter MD, Persinger MA.

Abstract

Previous researchers have studied meditation practices as a means to understand consciousness as well as altered states of consciousness. Various meditation techniques, such as Transcendental Meditation (TM) and Qigong, have been explored with source localization tools; however, the concentrative meditation technique has yet to be fully studied in this manner. The current study demonstrates findings, which outline differential activation in a self-referential default network during meditation in participants who espouse themselves as regular concentrative meditation practitioners, as well as comparisons with a control group practicing a modified version of the relaxation response. The results are compared with other putative experimental findings employing other meditation techniques, and the findings outlined in the current study are discussed with respect to changes in perceptual awareness often reported by meditators.

PMID:

21350845

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Tai chi Qigong improves lung functions and activity tolerance in COPD clients: a single blind, randomized controlled trial.

Chan AW¹, Lee A, Suen LK, Tam WW.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a Tai chi Qigong (TCQ) program in enhancing respiratory functions and activity tolerance in clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

DESIGN:

A single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:

Five general outpatient clinics in Hong Kong.

INTERVENTION:

In total, 206 COPD clients were randomly assigned into one of the three groups, namely, TCQ, exercise, and control group. Subjects in the TCQ group received a TCQ program consisting of two 60-min sessions each week for three months. Subjects in the exercise group were taught to practice breathing techniques combined with walking as an exercise. Subjects in the control group were instructed to maintain their usual activities. Data collection was performed at baseline and at the 6-week and 3-month marks.

OUTCOMES:

Lung functions, 6-min walk test, and COPD exacerbation rate.

RESULTS:

Results of repeated measures of analysis of covariance demonstrated that there were significant interaction effects between time and group in forced vital capacity (p=.002, η(2)=.06), forced expiratory volume in 1s (p<.001, η(2)=.02), walking distance (p<.001), and exacerbation rate (p=.006, η(2)=.06) at 3 months. Improvements were noted in the TCQ group. No changes were observed in the exercise group, while a decline in lung functions was noticed in the control group.

CONCLUSION:

Tai chi Qigong was able to improve respiratory functions and activity tolerance level in COPD clients. The breathing and walking exercise helped maintain lung functions and slow down disease progression.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID:

21296261

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Qigong versus exercise versus no therapy for patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Rendant D¹, Pach D, Lüdtke R, Reisshauer A, Mietzner A, Willich SN, Witt CM.

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN:

Randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate whether qigong is more effective than no treatment and not inferior to exercise therapy.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:

Lifetime prevalence of chronic neck pain is close to 50%. Qigong is often used by patients, although, the evidence is still unclear.

METHODS:

Patients (aged 20-60 years) with chronic neck pain (visual analog scale, VAS ≥ 40 mm) were randomized to 1) qigong or 2) exercise therapy (18 sessions over 6 months) or 3) waiting list (no treatment). At baseline and after 3 and 6 months, patients completed standardized questionnaires assessing neck pain (VAS), neck pain and disability, and quality of life (Short Form SF-36 questionnaire, SF-36). The primary endpoint was average pain in the last 7 days on VAS at 6-month follow-up. Statistical analysis included generalized estimation equation models adjusted for baseline values and patient expectation.

RESULTS:

A total of 123 patients (aged 46 ± 11 years, 88% women) suffering from chronic neck pain for 3.2 (SD ± 1.6) years were included. After 6 months, a significant difference was seen between the qigong and waiting list control groups (VAS mean difference: -14 mm [95%CI = -23.1 to -5.4], P = 0.002). Mean improvements in the exercise group were comparable to those in the qigong group (difference between groups -0.7 mm [CI = -9.1 to 7.7]) but failed to show statistical significance (P = 0.092). Neck pain and disability, and SF-36 results also yielded superiority of qigong over no treatment and similar results in the qigong and exercise therapy groups.

CONCLUSION:

Qigong was more effective than no treatment in patients with chronic neck pain. Further studies could be designed without waiting list control and should use a larger sample to clarify the value of qigong compared to exercise therapy.

PMID:

21178832

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Qigong training and effects on stress, neck-shoulder pain and life quality in a computerised office environment.

Skoglund L¹, Josephson M, Wahlstedt K, Lampa E, Norbäck D.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Qigong is a Chinese health promoting exercise with a rhythmic pattern of slow movements and breathing affecting the autonomous nervous system.

OBJECTIVES:

To examine the implementation of Qigong for half an hour daily in a computerised office, and to study effects on health state, general health, neck-shoulder and lumbar spine symptoms and stress after six weeks training

DESIGN:

A crossover intervention study with 37 employees randomised in two groups. A questionnaire was completed one week before starting study and every second week during the training period. After 6 weeks the first group stopped and the second group started the training.

RESULTS:

There was a small significant improvement of neck pain and disability following therapy.

CONCLUSION:

Qigong training may reduce neck disability in office workers. A longer training period might be needed in further Qigong studies in healthy, normal populations.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID:

21168116

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Mind-Body Therapies and Osteoarthritis of the Knee.

Selfe TK¹, Innes KE.

• ¹Department of Community Health, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Abstract

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a major cause of disability among adults worldwide. Important treatment options include nonpharmacologic therapies, and especially symptom management strategies in which patients take an active role. Among these, mind-body therapies may have particular promise for alleviating the distressful symptoms associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. However, systematic reviews are lacking. The objective of this paper is to review English-language articles describing clinical studies evaluating the effects of patient-driven mind-body therapies on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Eight studies, representing a total of 267 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included tai chi, qigong, and yoga. Collectively, these studies suggest that specific mind-body practices may help alleviate pain and enhance physical function in adults suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee. However, sample sizes are small, rigorous investigations are few, and the potential benefits of several mind-body therapies have not yet been systematically tested. Additional high-quality studies are needed to clarify the effects of specific mind-body therapies on standardized measures of pain, physical function, and related indices in persons with osteoarthritis of the knee, and to investigate possible underlying mechanisms.

PMID:

21151770

[PubMed]

PMCID:

PMC3000689

Mind-body therapies in integrative oncology.

Elkins G¹, Fisher W, Johnson A.

Abstract

There is growing interest in mind-body therapies as adjuncts to mainstream cancer treatment, and an increasing number of patients turn to these interventions for the control of emotional stress associated with cancer. Increased research funding has enabled many such interventions to be evaluated for their efficacy, including studies of mind-body interventions to reduce pain, anxiety, insomnia, anticipatory, and treatment-related nauseas, hot flashes, and improved mood. Mind-body treatments evaluated for their utility in oncology include relaxation therapies, biofeedback, meditation and hypnosis, yoga, art and music therapy, tai chi, and qigong. Although studies are not always methodologically sound and results mixed, a growing number of well-designed studies provide convincing evidence that mind-body techniques are beneficial adjuncts to cancer treatment. The evidence is sufficient to recommend further investigation and adoption of these techniques in mainstream oncology care.

PMID:

21116746

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

External qigong therapy for women with breast cancer prior to surgery.

Cohen L¹, Chen Z, Arun B, Shao Z, Dryden M, Xu L, Le-Petross C, Dogan B, McKenna BJ, Markman M, Babiera G.

Author information

Abstract

The majority of patients with cancer use some form of complementary or alternative medicine. External qigong treatment (EQT), classified as a bioenergy therapy, is one such approach that patients combine with conventional medicine or, in some cases, use in place of conventional medicine. This study aimed to determine whether EQT could shrink breast cancer tumors and improve quality of life (QOL) in women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer awaiting surgery. A total of 9 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer were recruited from large cancer centers in the United States (n = 5) and China (n = 4). A single-arm pre/post design was used. Each patient underwent 5 consecutive days of EQT, with each treatment lasting from 2 to 5 minutes. All treatments were performed by the same qigong master. Tumor measurements were made before and after the EQT sessions. Tumor assessments were conducted prior to study initiation and following the last EQT. Patients underwent both an ultrasound and mammogram (United States) or an ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (China). All patients also underwent physical breast examinations (PBEs) and completed QOL questionnaires before and after the last EQT. No clinical changes in tumor measurements from pre- to post-EQT were noted. There was also no suggestion of change in tumor size by PBE or change in QOL. Using the current

STUDY DESIGN:

EQT also does not appear to have any effect on patient QOL. Because of the small sample size and working with only one qigong practitioner, to definitively determine the efficacy or lack of efficacy of EQT, a larger study with multiple qigong practitioners would need to be conducted.

PMID:

21106615

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Spring Forest Qigong and chronic pain: making a difference.

Coleman JF.

Author information

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Research completed in Asia on various forms of qigong over time has repeatedly linked the practice to positive health outcomes. To demonstrate that Spring Forest Qigong (SFQ) knowledge is easily accessible, promotes self-efficacy, and has measurable health benefits, a pilot study on SFQ and chronic pain was designed.

DESIGN:

This mixed-methods study oriented 122 subjects to Level 1 SFQ.

METHOD:

Participants were required to complete four symptom surveys (including the Visual Analog Scale), attend three group meetings (beginning, middle, end of study), practice SFQ for 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks, and keep a practice record.

FINDINGS:

Pearson correlation coefficients were computed pairwise between the symptom surveys. Pearson's chi-square tests were used to assess the association of these variables between the four survey time points, with statistical significance assessed at α =.05. The hypothesis was statistically supported. The active exercise and the meditation aspects of SFQ are effective self-care modalities for persons with perceived chronic physical pain and/or emotional distress.

CONCLUSIONS:

Subjects (n = 86) demonstrated significant improvement both statistically and anecdotally during the study period. Clinical relevance : Findings indicate that health care providers could promote this promising evidenced-based modality for adults to actualize health promotion practices.

PMID:

21062951

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]