Reading daily predicts reduced mortality among men from a cohort of community-dwelling 70-year-olds

 

J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Mar;63(2):S73-80.

Jacobs JM¹, Hammerman-Rozenberg R, Cohen A, Stessman J.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Although social and physical components of leisure activity have proven beneficial to successful aging, the influence of solitary and nonstrenuous activity on subsequent aging is unclear. This study examined reading activity to investigate the relationship of a solitary, nonstrenuous activity on aging and mortality.

METHODS:

A cohort of visually and cognitively intact community-dwelling participants born in 1920-1921, taken from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Study, underwent comprehensive assessment at ages 70 and 78. We collected mortality data spanning 8 years. We dichotomized reading frequency to daily or less and performed data analyses separately by gender.

RESULTS:

Reading daily was common at both ages 70 (62% of the sample) and 78 (68%) and was associated at baseline with female gender, Western origin, higher socioeconomic and educational statuses, employment, and reduced medications. The hazard ratio for mortality over the 8-year follow-up among men was significantly reduced (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.23-0.84) after we adjusted for numerous social, medical, and health parameters.

DISCUSSION:

The findings suggest that leisure activities devoid of social or physical benefits may nonetheless contribute to improved aging, predicting reduced mortality among men. A broader definition of leisure activities may be useful when considering the impact of these activities among older people.

PMID:

18441272

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

A chapter a day: Association of book reading with longevity

Avni Bavishi, Martin D. Slade, Becca R. Levy^,
Yale University School of Public Health, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Received 20 October 2015, Revised 11 July 2016, Accepted 15 July 2016, Available online 18 July 2016

Abstract

Although books can expose people to new people and places, whether books also have health benefits beyond other types of reading materials is not known. This study examined whether those who read books have a survival advantage over those who do not read books and over those who read other types of materials, and if so, whether cognition mediates this book reading effect. The cohort consisted of 3635 participants in the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study who provided information about their reading patterns at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were based on survival information up to 12 years after baseline. A dose-response survival advantage was found for book reading by tertile (HR_T2 = 0.83, p < 0.001, HR_T3 = 0.77, p < 0.001), after adjusting for relevant covariates including age, sex, race, education, comorbidities, self-rated health, wealth, marital status, and depression. Book reading contributed to a survival advantage that was significantly greater than that observed for reading newspapers or magazines (t_T2 = 90.6, p < 0.001; t_T3 = 67.9, p < 0.001). Compared to non-book readers, book readers had a 23-month survival advantage at the point of 80% survival in the unadjusted model. A survival advantage persisted after adjustment for all covariates (HR = .80, p < .01), indicating book readers experienced a 20% reduction in risk of mortality over the 12 years of follow up compared to non-book readers. Cognition mediated the book reading-survival advantage (p = 0.04). These findings suggest that the benefits of reading books include a longer life in which to read them.

Keywords

• Reading;
• Longevity;
• Aging;
• Mortality;
• Cognition

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

 

Zen meditation, Length of Telomeres, and the Role of Experiential Avoidance and Compassion

Mindfulness (N Y). 2016;7:651-659. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

Alda M¹, Puebla-Guedea M², Rodero B³, Demarzo M⁴, Montero-Marin J², Roca M⁵, Garcia-Campayo J⁶.

Author information

Abstract

Mindfulness refers to an awareness that emerges by intentionally focusing on the present experience in a nonjudgmental or evaluative manner. Evidence regarding its efficacy has been increasing exponentially, and recent research suggests that the practice of meditation is associated with longer leukocyte telomere length. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying this potential relationship are unknown. We examined the telomere lengths of a group of 20 Zen meditation experts and another 20 healthy matched comparison participants who had not previously meditated. We also measured multiple psychological variables related to meditation practice. Genomic DNA was extracted for telomere measurement using a Life Length proprietary program. High-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (HT-Q-FISH) was used to measure the telomere length distribution and the median telomere length (MTL). The meditators group had a longer MTL (p = 0.005) and a lower percentage of short telomeres in individual cells (p  = 0.007) than those in the comparison group. To determine which of the psychological variables contributed more to telomere maintenance, two regression analyses were conducted. In the first model, which applied to the MTL, the following three factors were significant: age, absence of experiential avoidance, and Common Humanity subscale of the Self Compassion Scale. Similarly, in the model that examined the percentage of short telomeres, the same factors were significant: age, absence of experiential avoidance, and Common Humanity subscale of the Self Compassion Scale. Although limited by a small sample size, these results suggest that the absence of experiential avoidance of negative emotions and thoughts is integral to the connection between meditation and telomeres.

KEYWORDS:

Compassion; Experiential avoidance; Mindfulness; Telomere length

PMID:

27217844

PMCID:

PMC4859856

DOI:

10.1007/s12671-016-0500-5

Randomized, controlled trial of qigong for treatment of prehypertension and mild essential hypertension.

Altern Ther Health Med. 2014 Jul-Aug;20(4):21-30.

Park JE, Hong S, Lee M, Park T, Kang K, Jung H, Shin KM, Liu Y, Shin M, Choi SM.

 

Abstract

CONTEXT:

Hypertension treatments include sodium restriction, pharmacological management, and lifestyle modifications. Although many cases of hypertension can be controlled by medication, individuals may experience side effects or incur out-of-pocket expenses, and some may not comply with the treatment regimen. Although some previous studies have shown a favorable effect for qigong on hypertension, well-designed, rigorous trials evaluating the effect of qigong on hypertension are scarce.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of qigong on prehypertension and mild hypertension and to calculate a sample size for a subsequent randomized, clinical trial (RCT).

DESIGN:

Participants were randomized to a qigong group or an untreated control group.

SETTING:

This study was conducted at the Oriental Medical Center of Dongeui University, in the Republic of Korea.

PARTICIPANTS:

Participants were individuals between the ages of 19 and 65 y with systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 120 and 159 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 80 and 99 mm Hg.

INTERVENTION:

The qigong group attended qigong classes 3 ×/wk and performed qigong at home at least 2 ×/wk. Participants in the control group did not receive any intervention for hypertension.

OUTCOME MEASURES:

Outcome measures for this study were (1) changes in blood pressure (BP); (2) quality of life (QOL) using 2 surveys: the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item short form (SF-36) (Korean version) and the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (MYMOP2); and (3) hormone levels.

RESULTS:

Of 40 participants, 19 were randomly assigned to the qigong group, and 21 were assigned to the control group. After 8 wk, significant differences were observed between the qigong and the control groups regarding changes in SBP (P = .0064) and DBP (P = .0003). Among the categories of the MYMOP2 questionnaire, only wellbeing was significantly different between the 2 groups (P = .0322). The qigong group showed a significantly greater improvement in the physical component score of the SF-36 compared with the control group (P = .0373). Regarding changes in hormone levels, there was no significant difference between the qigong and the control groups. This pilot study demonstrates that regarding sample size, a RCT evaluating the effect of qigong on hypertension should include 22 participants based on DBP and 285 participants based on SBP in each group, thus allowing for a loss to follow-up rate of 20%.

CONCLUSION:

The results indicate that qigong may be an effective intervention in reducing BP in prehypertension and mild hypertension. Further studies should include an appropriate sample size and methodology to determine the mechanism of qigong on BP.

PMID:

25141360

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Effect of a qigong intervention program on telomerase activity and psychological stress in abused Chinese women: a randomized, wait-list controlled trial.

 

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Aug 15;14:300. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-300.

Tiwari A¹, Chan CL, Ho RT, Tsao GS, Deng W, Hong AW, Fong DY, Fung HY, Pang EP, Cheung DS, Ma JL.

Author information

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Abused women, who suffer from chronic psychological stress, have been shown to have shorter telomeres than never abused women. Telomere shortening is associated with increased risk of cell death, and it is believed that adopting health-promoting behaviors can help to increase the activity of telomerase, an enzyme that counters telomere shortening. Qigong is an ancient Chinese mind-body integration, health-oriented practice designed to enhance the function of qi, an energy that sustains well-being. Therefore, an assessor-blind, randomized, wait-list controlled trial was developed to evaluate the effect of a qigong intervention on telomerase activity (primary objective) and proinflammatory cytokines, perceived stress, perceived coping, and depressive symptoms (secondary objectives) in abused Chinese women.

METHODS/DESIGN:

A total of 240 Chinese women, aged ≥ 18 years, who have been abused by an intimate partner within the past three years will be recruited from a community setting in Hong Kong and randomized to receive either a qigong intervention or wait-list control condition as follows: the qigong intervention will comprise (i) a 2-hour group qigong training session twice a week for 6 weeks, (ii) a 1-hour follow-up group qigong exercise session once a week for 4 months, and (iii) a 30-minute self-practice qigong exercise session once a day for 5.5 months. The wait-list control group will receive qigong training after the intervention group completes the program. Upon completion of the qigong intervention program, it is expected that abused Chinese women in the intervention group will have higher levels of telomerase activity and perceived coping and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms than will abused Chinese women in the wait-list control group.

DISCUSSION:

This study will provide information about the effect of qigong exercise on telomerase activity and chronic psychological stress in abused Chinese women. The findings will inform the design of interventions to relieve the effects of IPV-related psychological stress on health. Also, the concept that health-promoting behaviors could slow down cellular aging might even motivate abused women to change their lifestyles.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Current Controlled Trials NCT02060123. Registered February 6, 2014.

PMID:

25127878

PMCID:

PMC4138386

DOI:

10.1186/1472-6882-14-300

Nontouch biofield therapy: a systematic review of human randomized controlled trials reporting use of only nonphysical contact treatment.

J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Dec;20(12):881-92. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0017.

Hammerschlag R¹, Marx BL, Aickin M.

Author information

 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND CONTEXT: This review was designed to assess the quality and review the outcomes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of biofield therapies (external qigong, Healing Touch, Johrei, Reiki, and Therapeutic Touch) that report using only nonphysical touch forms of treatment. RCTs of nonphysical contact biofield therapies have the potential to contribute to an evidence base for health-promoting effects mediated through mechanisms outside the present understanding of biomedicine.

METHODS:

Articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified from database and reference list searches and evaluated for a range of reporting and design items. Data were extracted to determine the range of protocol parameters and treatment outcomes. The final set of included RCTs were evaluated via a modified 5-item Jadad scale as well as by a set of 20 criteria that included items relevant to the early-phase nature of the trials and to the examination of nonphysical touch biofield therapy interventions.

RESULTS:

Of 90 RCTs that assessed effectiveness of a biofield therapy in humans, 28 trials involving 1775 participants met additional inclusion criteria (most importantly a clearly reported use of only nonphysical contact treatment). The research designs of these 28 trials revealed marked heterogeneity in regard to condition treated, number and duration of treatments, nature of the control/comparison group, and outcome measures. Finally, 10 trials were excluded on the basis of low quality assessment scores. Twelve of the remaining 18 trials (7 Therapeutic Touch, 3 external qigong, 1 Reiki, and 1 Healing Touch) reported at least one primary outcome with statistically significant beneficial treatment outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

The pilot study nature of essentially all the identified nonphysical contact biofield therapy RCTs, as reflected by low sample sizes alone, precludes drawing robust conclusions. Given this perspective, the finding that two thirds of the higher-scoring trials demonstrated at least partial effectiveness favors a continued research effort, especially in light of the translational value of biofield clinical trials for studies exploring the nature and physiologic basis of biofield healing.

PMID:

25181286

DOI:

10.1089/acm.2014.0017

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Qigong for hypertension: a systematic review.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Jan;94(1):e352. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000352.

Xiong X¹, Wang P, Li X, Zhang Y.

Author information

 

Abstract

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of qigong for hypertension.A systematic literature search was performed in 7 databases from their respective inceptions until April 2014, including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Randomized controlled trials of qigong as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy with antihypertensive drugs versus no intervention, exercise, or antihypertensive drugs for hypertension were identified. The risk of bias was assessed using the tool described in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions, version 5.1.0.Twenty trials containing 2349 hypertensive patients were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was generally high. Compared with no intervention, qigong significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -17.40 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -21.06 to -13.74, P < 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD = -10.15 mm Hg, 95% CI -13.99 to -6.30, P < 0.00001). Qigong was inferior to exercise in decreasing SBP (WMD = 6.51 mm Hg, 95% CI 2.81 to 10.21, P = 0.0006), but no significant difference between the effects of qigong and exercise on DBP (WMD = 0.67 mm Hg, 95% CI -1.39 to 2.73, P = 0.52) was identified. Compared with antihypertensive drugs, qigong produced a clinically meaningful but not statistically significant reduction in SBP (WMD = -7.91 mm Hg, 95% CI -16.81 to 1.00, P = 0.08), but appeared to be more effective in lowering DBP (WMD = -6.08 mm Hg, 95% CI -9.58 to -2.58, P = 0.0007). Qigong plus antihypertensive drugs significantly lowered both SBP (WMD = -11.99 mm Hg, 95% CI -15.59 to -8.39, P < 0.00001) and DBP (WMD = -5.28 mm Hg, 95% CI, -8.13 to -2.42, P = 0.0003) compared with antihypertensive drugs alone. No serious adverse events were reported.The meta-analysis suggests that qigong is an effective therapy for hypertension. However, more rigorously designed randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up focusing on hard clinical outcomes are required to confirm the results.

PMID:

25569652

PMCID:

PMC4602820

DOI:

10.1097/MD.0000000000000352

The effects of a 6-month Tai Chi Qigong training program on temporomandibular, cervical, and shoulder joint mobility and sleep problems in nasopharyngeal cancer survivors.

Integr Cancer Ther. 2015 Jan;14(1):16-25. doi: 10.1177/1534735414556508. Epub 2014 Nov 18.

Fong SS¹, Ng SS², Lee HW³, Pang MY², Luk WS⁴, Chung JW⁵, Wong JY⁶, Masters RS⁷.

Author information

 

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) survivors often sustain head-neck-shoulder impairments from conventional treatments, which could disturb sleep. This novel study aimed to examine the efficacy of Tai Chi (TC) Qigong in optimizing temporomandibular joint (TMJ), cervical, and shoulder joint mobility and reducing sleep problems in NPC survivors.

METHODS:

Fifty-two NPC survivors participated in the study. The experimental group (n = 25) received 6 months of TC Qigong training (1.5 h/session; 4 sessions/wk including self-practice) while the control group (n = 27) received no training. Cervical side flexion and rotation, shoulder flexion and horizontal flexion range of motion (ROM), mouth opening capacity (interincisor distance), and sleep problems (Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale) were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention (3 months), immediately after TC Qigong training, and at 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Intention-to-treat analysis revealed improvement in cervical side flexion ROM only (P < .008) and unchanged shoulder and TMJ mobility (P > .008) after the TC Qigong training. Deterioration was observed in shoulder flexion ROM and mouth opening capacity in the no-training controls over time (P < .008). Sleep problems also decreased in the TC Qigong group (P < .008), and this effect was most profound during the follow-up period. In addition, improvement in cervical side flexion ROM was associated with a reduction in sleep problems in the experimental group after TC Qigong training (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The 6-month TC Qigong intervention improved neck mobility, maintained TMJ and shoulder joint mobility, and reduced sleep problems for NPC survivors. TC Qigong could be an effective nonpharmacological intervention for managing progressive trismus, chronic neck and shoulder hypomobility, and reducing sleep problems among NPC survivors.
© The Author(s) 2014.

KEYWORDS:

head and neck cancer; mind–body exercise; sleep; upper-body joint mobility

PMID:

25411207

DOI:

10.1177/1534735414556508

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The Effects of Qigong for Adults with Chronic Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Am J Chin Med. 2015;43(8):1525-39. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X15500871. Epub 2015 Nov 30.

Bai Z¹, Guan Z², Fan Y³, Liu C³, Yang K¹, Ma B¹, Wu B^4,5.

Author information

 

Abstract

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of qigong as a treatment for chronic pain. Five electronic databases were searched from their date of establishment until July 2014. The review included 10 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared the impacts of qigong on chronic pain with waiting list or placebo or general care. Random effect models and standard mean differences were used to present pain scores. A total of 10 RCTs met inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant difference on reducing chronic pain between internal qigong and control (SMD: -1.23 95% CI= -2.23, -0.24p = 0.02), external qigong and general care (SMD: -1.53 95% CI= -2.15, -0.91p < 0.05), external qigong and placebo (SMD: -0.51 95% CI = 0.95, -0.06p = 0.03), and internal qigong for chronic neck pain at 6 months (SMD: -1.00 95% CI= -1.94, -0.06p = 0.04). The differences between external qigong and control, external qigong and waiting list, internal qigong and waiting list, and external for premenstrual syndromes were not significant. This study showed that internal qigong generated benefits on treating some chronic pain with significant differences. External qigong showed nonsignificant differences in treating chronic pain. Higher quality randomized clinical trials with scientific rigor are needed to establish the effectiveness of qigong in reducing chronic pain.

KEYWORDS:

Chronic Pain; Meta-Analysis; Qigong; Systematic Review

PMID:

26621441

DOI:

10.1142/S0192415X15500871

Impact of Qigong on quality of life, pain and depressive symptoms in older adults admitted to an intermediate care rehabilitation unit: a randomized controlled trial.

 

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2015 Apr;27(2):125-30. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0250-y. Epub 2014 Jun 14.

Martínez N¹, Martorell C, Espinosa L, Marasigan V, Domènech S, Inzitari M.

Author information

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:

Qigong has been used as a complementary therapy to improve different health-related problems. This study aims to test the effects of Qigong on quality of life, pain and depressive symptoms in older hospitalized patients.

METHODS:

In this randomized controlled single blind study, we randomized 58 ≥50 years adults admitted to a post-acute intermediate care rehabilitation facility, to receive a 90 min, bi-weekly, 4-week structured Qigong intervention plus usual care and rehabilitation (N = 29) or usual care and rehabilitation alone (N = 29). Outcomes included quality of life (0-100 points visual analogical scale), pain (0-10 points scale), and depressive symptoms (5-item modified Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale). We also evaluated participants' compliance and safety.

RESULTS:

Of the enrolled 58 participants (mean age ± SD = 74.3 ± 8.2 years, 88 % women) we dropped-out four in the control group. No statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics were shown between groups, including age, gender, marital status, education, comorbidity and functional status, main diagnostic at admission and number of rehabilitation sessions. In an intention-to-treat analysis (repeated measures ANOVA) the intervention group experienced a significant improvement in quality of life (mean increase of 19 points vs 2.6 points for controls, p = 0.002). Pain and depressive symptoms improved in both groups. Adherence was good (79 % of participants completed the whole program). No adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

According to our results, a structured Qigong intervention, together with usual care, might contribute to improve quality of life of patients admitted to a post-acute intermediate care rehabilitation unit, compared to usual care.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00944788.

PMID:

24927783

DOI:

10.1007/s40520-014-0250-y

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Qigong for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 11;(6):CD010390. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010390.pub2.

Hartley L¹, Lee MS, Kwong JS, Flowers N, Todkill D, Ernst E, Rees K.

Author information

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Two major determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are a sedentary lifestyle and stress. Qigong involves physical exercise, mind regulation and breathing control to restore the flow of Qi (a pivotal life energy). As it is thought to help reduce stress and involves exercise, qigong may be an effective strategy for the primary prevention of CVD.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the effectiveness of qigong for the primary prevention of CVD.

SEARCH METHODS:

We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (November 2014, Issue 10 of 12); MEDLINE (Ovid) (1946 to 2014 October week 4); EMBASE Classic + EMBASE (Ovid) (1947 to 2014 November 4); Web of Science Core Collection (1970 to 31 October 2014); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment Database and Health Economics Evaluations Database (November 2014, Issue 4 of 4). We searched several Asian databases (inception to July 2013) and the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) (inception to December 2013), as well as trial registers and reference lists of reviews and articles; we also approached experts in the field and applied no language restrictions in our search.

SELECTION CRITERIA:

Randomised controlled trials lasting at least three months involving healthy adults or those at high risk of CVD. Trials examined any type of qigong, and comparison groups provided no intervention or minimal intervention. Outcomes of interest included clinical CVD events and major CVD risk factors. We did not include trials that involved multi-factorial lifestyle interventions or weight loss.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:

Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion. Two review authors extracted data from included studies and assessed the risk of bias.

MAIN RESULTS:

We identified 11 completed trials (1369 participants) and one ongoing trial. Trials were heterogeneous in participants recruited, qigong duration and length of follow-up periods. We were unable to ascertain the risk of bias in nine trials published in Chinese, as insufficient methodological details were reported and we were unable to contact the study authors to clarify this.We performed no meta-analyses, as trials were small and were at significant risk of bias. Clinical events were detailed in subsequent reports of two trials when statistically significant effects of qigong were seen for all-cause mortality, stroke mortality and stroke incidence at 20 to 30 years after completion of the trials. However, these trials were designed to examine outcomes in the short term, and it is not clear whether qigong was practised during extended periods of follow-up; therefore effects cannot be attributed to the intervention. None of the included studies reported other non-fatal CVD events.Six trials provided data that could be used to examine the effects of qigong on blood pressure. Reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were seen in three and two trials, respectively. Three trials examined the effects of qigong on blood lipids when favourable effects were seen in one trial for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and two trials showed favourable effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The only trial considered at low risk of selection and detection bias did not demonstrate statistically significant effects on CVD risk factors with qigong, but this study was small and was underpowered. None of the included studies reported incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), adverse events, quality of life or costs.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:

Currently, very limited evidence is available on the effectiveness of qigong for the primary prevention of CVD. Most of the trials included in this review are likely to be at high risk of bias, so we have very low confidence in the validity of the results. Publication of the ongoing trial will add to the limited evidence base, but further trials of high methodological quality with sufficient sample size and follow-up are needed to be incorporated in an update of this review before the effectiveness of qigong for CVD prevention can be established.

PMID:

26068956

DOI:

10.1002/14651858.CD010390.pub2

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Efficacy of Liuzijue Qigong in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Remission.

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Jul;63(7):1420-5. doi: 10.1111/jgs.13478. Epub 2015 Jul 1.

Xiao CM¹, Zhuang YC².

Author information

 

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the effectiveness of a 6-month Liuzijue qigong (LQG) program in promoting physical and psychosocial function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

DESIGN:

Single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:

Seven hospital respiratory care centers in Beijing.

PARTICIPANTS:

Individuals with COPD (N = 126; mean age 71.1 ± 2.7, range 65-85).

METHODS:

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: LQG (n = 63) and control (n = 63). Subjects in the LQG group received a LQG program consisting of four 45-minute sessions each week and daily walking for 30 minutes for 6 months. Control subjects walked daily for 30 minutes. Data collection was performed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months. Primary outcomes involved functional capacity, and secondary outcomes involved quality of life.

RESULTS:

The LQG group had greater improvements in the 6-minute walk test (P = .02); specific airway conductance (P = .02); monitored functional task evaluation (P = .04); Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36; general health (P < .001), mental health (P = .03)); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (dyspnea (P = .05), emotion (P = .05), and mastery (P = .04) at 6-month follow-up. After 6 months, the control group had significant improvement only on the SF-36 mental health (P = .02).

CONCLUSION:

LQG promoted functional capacity and quality of life in older adults with COPD at 6 months and is a good alternative home exercise program for older adults in the rehabilitation of COPD.
© 2015, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2015, The American Geriatrics Society.

KEYWORDS:

Liuzijue qigong; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; elderly; functional capacity; quality of life

PMID:

26131612

DOI:

10.1111/jgs.13478

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Qigong Effects on Heart Rate Variability and Peripheral Vasomotor Responses.

West J Nurs Res. 2015 Nov;37(11):1383-403. doi: 10.1177/0193945914535669. Epub 2014 May 27.

Chang MY¹.

Author information

 

Abstract

Population aging is occurring worldwide, and preventing cardiovascular event in older people is a unique challenge. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week qigong (eight-form moving meditation) training program on the heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor response of middle-aged and elderly people in the community. This was a quasi-experimental study that included the pre-test, post-test, and nonequivalent control group designs. Seventy-seven participants (experimental group = 47; control group = 30) were recruited. The experimental group performed 30 min of eight-form moving meditation 3 times per week for 12 weeks, and the control group continued their normal daily activities. After 12 weeks, the interaction effects indicated that compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly improved heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor responses.
© The Author(s) 2014.

KEYWORDS:

cold-induced vasodilatation; heart rate variability; peripheral vasomotor responses; qigong; sympathetic nervous system

PMID:

24869492

DOI:

10.1177/0193945914535669

Practice of traditional Chinese medicine for psycho-behavioral intervention improves quality of life in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oncotarget. 2015 Nov 24;6(37):39725-39. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5388.

Tao W^1,2,3, Luo X^1,2, Cui B^1,2, Liang D^1,2, Wang C^1,2, Duan Y⁴, Li X⁵, Zhou S⁶, Zhao M⁷, Li Y⁸, He Y⁹, Wang S⁴, Kelley KW^10,11, Jiang P¹², Liu Q^1,2.

Author information

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Cancer patients suffer from diverse symptoms, including depression, anxiety, pain, and fatigue and lower quality of life (QoL) during disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine psycho-behavioral interventions (TCM PBIs) on improving QoL by meta-analysis.

RESULTS:

The six TCM PBIs analyzed were acupuncture, Chinese massage, Traditional Chinese Medicine five elements musical intervention (TCM FEMI), Traditional Chinese Medicine dietary supplement (TCM DS), Qigong and Tai Chi. Although both TCM PBIs and non-TCM PBIs reduced functional impairments in cancer patients and led to pain relief, depression remission, reduced time to flatulence following surgery and sleep improvement, TCM PBIs showed more beneficial effects as assessed by reducing both fatigue and gastrointestinal distress. In particular, acupuncture relieved fatigue, reduced diarrhea and decreased time to flatulence after surgery in cancer patients, while therapeutic Chinese massage reduced time to flatulence and time to peristaltic sound.

METHODS:

Electronic literature databases (PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang) were searched for randomized, controlled trials conducted in China. The primary intervention was TCM PBIs. The main outcome was health-related QoL (HR QoL) post-treatment. We applied standard meta analytic techniques to analyze data from papers that reached acceptable criteria.

CONCLUSION:

These findings demonstrate the efficacy of TCM PBIs in improving QoL in cancer patients and establish that TCM PBIs represent beneficial adjunctive therapies for cancer patients.

KEYWORDS:

cancer; meta-analysis; psycho-behavioral interventions; quality of life; traditional Chinese medicine

PMID:

26498685

PMCID:

PMC4741858

DOI:

10.18632/oncotarget.5388

Mind-body therapies and control of inflammatory biology: A descriptive review.

Brain Behav Immun. 2016 Jan;51:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.012. Epub 2015 Jun 23.

Bower JE¹, Irwin MR².

Author information

 

Abstract

The use of mind-body therapies, including Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga, and meditation, has grown steadily in recent years. These approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life, and research has begun to examine the impact of these therapies on biological processes, including inflammation. A review of 26 randomized controlled trials was conducted to describe the effects of mind-body therapies (MBTs) on circulating, cellular, and genomic markers of inflammation. This qualitative evaluation showed mixed effects of MBTs on circulating inflammatory markers, including CRP and IL-6, and on measures of stimulated cytokine production. More consistent findings were seen for genomic markers, with trials showing decreased expression of inflammation-related genes and reduced signaling through the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Potential mechanisms for these effects are discussed, including alterations in neuroendocrine, neural, and psychological and behavioral processes.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Inflammation; Meditation; Qigong; Review; Tai Chi; Yoga

PMID:

26116436

PMCID:

PMC4679419

[Available on 2017-01-01]

DOI:

10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.012

Preliminary Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields and Microdischarges From the Human Body.

Altern Ther Health Med. 2016 Jan-Feb;22(1):20-31.

Zheng Y, Zhang H, Yip K, Zheng Z, Yang S.

 

Abstract

CONTEXT:

From 1978-1999, a large number of experts and scholars in China tested and analyzed the external qi of qigong (ie, the electrical signals [ES] released from human practitioners). Development of negatives from some tests had revealed the existence of speckles on the films. In 1998, the current research team analyzed some of the negatives that had been exposed to the ES.

OBJECTIVE:

The current research team intended to test for the presence of ES in qigong using the dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) method.

DESIGN:

The study design involved 2 measurements: electromagnetic test of a open, placebo-controlled methodology and an optical test of single-blinded open, placebo-controlled methodology.

SETTING:

The study occurred in Taiyuan, Suzhou, and Shenzhen (China) as well as in Hong Kong.

PARTICIPANTS:

Participants were 10 qigong masters and practitioners and 5 nonpractitioners from 4 cities.

INTERVENTION:

In the ES test, the practitioners released ES and the nonpractitioners simulated the release of ES, using 2 channels. Any ambient disturbance was recorded on both channels. For the photo file, the practitioner or nonpractitioner could press his or her palm onto 1 envelope that contained film or could hold his or her palm a certain distance (5-30 cm) above the envelope to release ES or simulate its release, respectively.

OUTCOME MEASURES:

An oscilloscope, current probes, and photo negatives were used to acquire >50,000 images. A type of discharged electromagnetic field (EMF), with a frequency of approximately 0.3-200 MHz, was recorded.

RESULTS:

The microdischarge pulses were positive, with a pulse width from 2-100 ns and with a total charge of approximately 0.001-0.2 nC. Many speckles could also be clearly seen in the photo negatives. Within the context of DBD theory, the speckles could be individual footprints of a barrier discharge for which the human skin acts as a barrier layer. Thus, the study measured reproducible field energy or an EMF and microdischarges.

CONCLUSIONS:

ES were measured; then EMFs with a frequency of approximately 0.3-200 MHz and microdischarge pulses were recorded. Within the context of DBD theory, those results suggest that the microdischarge may act as a barrier discharge to which the human skin forms a barrier layer.

PMID:

26773318

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Telomerase activity and its association with psychological stress, mental disorders, lifestyle factors and interventions: A systematic review

Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016 Feb;64:150-63. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.017. Epub 2015 Nov 25.

Deng W¹, Cheung ST¹, Tsao SW², Wang XM¹, Tiwari AF³.

Author information

 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To summarise and discuss the association between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors.

METHOD:

A systematic review was carried out to identify prospective or retrospective studies and interventions published up to June 2015 that reported associations between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. Electronic data bases of PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched.

RESULTS:

Twenty six studies on humans measured telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or leukocytes and examined its association with psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors. Of those studies, three reported significantly decreased telomerase activity in individuals under chronic psychological stress. Interestingly, one of the three studies found that acute laboratory psychological stress significantly increased telomerase activity. Nine studies reported mixed results on association between mental disorders and telomerase activity. Of the nine studies, five reported that major depressive disorder (MDD) was associated with significantly increased telomerase activity. In thirteen out of fourteen studies on lifestyle factors, it was reported that physical exercise, diet micronutrient supplementation, mindfulness meditation, Qigong practice or yoga mediation resulted in increase in telomerase activity. In addition, two studies on animal models showed that depression-like behaviour was associated with decreased hippocampus telomerase activity. Five animal studies showed that physical exercise increased telomerase activity by cell-type-specific and genotype-specific manners.

CONCLUSION:

Although multi-facet results were reported on the association between telomerase activity and psychological stress, mental disorders and lifestyle factors, there were some consistent findings in humans such as (1) decreased telomerase activity in individuals under chronic stress, (2) increased telomerase activity in individuals with MDD, and (3) increased telomerase activity in individuals under lifestyle interventions. Animal studies showed that physical exercise increased telomerase activity in specific cell-types. However, the exact mechanisms for the changes in telomerase activity have not been elucidated. We propose conglomerate models connecting chronic psychological stress, depression, mediation and physical exercise to telomerase activation. Several areas for future research are suggested.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Intervention; Lifestyle factors; Mental disorders; Psychological stress; Systematic review; Telomerase activity

PMID:

26677763

DOI:

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.017

Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of T'ai Chi and Qigong Use in the United States: Results of a Nationally Representative Survey.

J Altern Complement Med. 2016 Apr;22(4):336-42. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0356. Epub 2016 Mar 16.

Lauche R^1,2, Wayne PM³, Dobos G¹, Cramer H^1,2.

Author information

 

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

This study examined the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of t'ai chi and qigong use in the U.S. general population.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional survey.

METHODS:

Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n = 34,525). Weighted frequencies were used to analyze lifetime and 12-month prevalence and patterns of use. Independent predictors of practice were analyzed by using logistic regression models. Analyzes were conducted in 2015.

RESULTS:

The lifetime and 12-month prevalence of t'ai chi/qigong practice were 3.1% and 1.2%, respectively. The 12-month prevalence was associated with age older than 30 years; being African American, Asian, or other ethnic origin; living in the West; being college educated and single; and being a light to heavy alcohol consumer. Almost 39% of users attended formal classes. T'ai chi/qigong was practiced for wellness/disease prevention and to improve energy, immune function, athletic performance, or memory/concentration. Stress, arthritis, and joint problems were the most frequent specific health problems for practice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite an only marginal increase of t'ai chi/qigong practice in the United States over the past 10 years, the proportion of minorities among practitioners has increased significantly. Gaps between clinical application and research are discussed.

PMID:

26981616

DOI:

10.1089/acm.2015.0356

Acute Effects on the Counts of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response Cells After 1 Month of Taoist Qigong Practice.

Int J Behav Med. 2016 Apr;23(2):198-203. doi: 10.1007/s12529-015-9509-8.

Vera FM¹, Manzaneque JM², Rodríguez FM³, Bendayan R², Fernández N⁴, Alonso A⁴.

Author information

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Qigong is an ancient form of health maintenance, dating back thousands of years, which is part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Numerous physical as well as mental benefits have been classically ascribed to this traditional mind-body method which integrates slow body movements, breathing, and meditation. Albeit we have already reported an immunomodulatory action of qigong in other investigations, measures were then assessed 1 day after the qigong program ended.

PURPOSE:

The aim of the present study was to assess the acute effects of Taoist qigong practice on immune cell counts in healthy subjects 1 h after training.

METHOD:

Forty-three healthy subjects participated in the study of whom 25 were randomly allocated to the experimental group and 18 to the control group. The experimental subjects underwent daily qigong training for 1 month. Blood samples for the quantification of immune parameters (number and percentage of monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells) were taken the day before the experiment commenced and 1 h after the last session of the training program ended. As statistical analysis, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group showing higher values in the number (p = 0.006) and the percentage (p = 0.04) of B lymphocytes, as well as lower values in the percentage of NK cells (p = 0.05), as compared to control.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates that Taoist qigong is able to exert acute immunomodulatory effects on components of both innate as well as adaptive immune response.

KEYWORDS:

Holistic; Immune; Mind-body; Psychosomatic; Qigong

PMID:

26370102

DOI:

10.1007/s12529-015-9509-8

Effects of non-sporting and sporting qigong on frailty and quality of life among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy

Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2016 Apr;21:257-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2015.10.012. Epub 2015 Nov 21.

Huang SM¹, Tseng LM², Chien LY³, Tai CJ⁴, Chen PH⁵, Hung CT⁶, Hsiung Y⁷.

Author information

 

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To explore the effects of non-sporting qigong (NSQG) and sporting qigong (SQG) on frailty and quality of life (QOL) of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.

METHODS:

A time series (three-group, pre-test-post-test) quasi-experimental design was applied in the study. Ninety-five participants were assigned to three groups: controls (n = 31), NSQG (n = 33), or SQG (n = 31). All patients performed the qigong interventions three times per week for at least 30 min per session. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews before chemotherapy and at 1 and 3 months after chemotherapy. Frailty was assessed using the Edmonton Frail Scale. The Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form 36-Taiwanese version was used to evaluate the physical and mental component scores of QOL.

RESULTS:

In the 1st and 3rd months after practicing qigong, patients in the SQG group had lower frailty scores than those in the control group. In the 3rd month after the intervention, patients in the NSQG group also had lower frailty scores and higher mental component scores for QOL than those in the control group. Patients with higher frailty scores had worse physical and mental component scores for QOL than those with lower frailty scores. The Sobel test showed that the frailty score mediated SQG and physical component scores for QOL.

CONCLUSIONS:

SQG and NSQG appeared to be beneficial for improving frailty and QOL among the breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the study. The results are preliminary and larger, well-constructed clinical studies are needed to verify the findings.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Breast cancer; Frailty; Qigong; Quality of life; Tai chi

PMID:

26614591

DOI:

10.1016/j.ejon.2015.10.012

Nonpharmacologic, nonherbal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: an umbrella systematic review (protocol).

Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 7;5(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0232-6.

Goldstein KM^1,2, McDuffie JR^3,4, Shepherd-Banigan M³, Befus D⁵, Coeytaux RR⁶, Van Noord MG⁷, Goode AP^6,8, Masilamani V³, Adam S⁹, Nagi A³, Williams JW Jr^3,4.

Author information

Erratum in

• Erratum to: Nonpharmacologic, nonherbal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: an umbrella systematic review (protocol). [Syst Rev. 2016]

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats are a common concern of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and are associated with a decreased quality of life. These symptoms can be effectively managed with hormone therapy, but safety concerns limit its use. Thus, understanding the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic therapies such as acupuncture or yoga is critical to managing these common symptoms in older women. Our review seeks to address the following question: In women with menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms, what are the effects on health-related quality of life, vasomotor symptoms, and adverse events of the following nonpharmacologic, nonherbal interventions as compared with any inactive control or active comparator: (a) acupuncture, (b) yoga, tai chi, and qigong, (c) structured exercise, and (d) meditation, mindfulness-based practices, and relaxation?

METHODS:

We describe a protocol for an umbrella review approach, supplemented by evaluating randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published after the most recent good-quality systematic review for each of the eligible interventions. Specific interventions were chosen based on current literature and with input from a technical expert panel and organizational stakeholders. We will conduct a thorough literature search and perform a quality assessment of potentially included systematic reviews and RCTs.

DISCUSSION:

Our umbrella review, supplemented by an additional search for eligible RCTs, aims to synthesize existing evidence on the use of nonpharmacologic, nonherbal interventions to manage bothersome vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:

PROSPERO CRD42016029335.

KEYWORDS:

Menopause; Nonpharmacologic therapy; Umbrella review; Vasomotor symptoms

PMID:

27056180

PMCID:

PMC4823860

DOI:

10.1186/s13643-016-0232-6

[PubMed - in process]

Free PMC Article

Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BMJ Open. 2016 Apr 11;6(4):e010602. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010602.

Zheng G¹, Huang M¹, Li S¹, Li M¹, Xia R¹, Zhou W¹, Tao J², Chen L³.

Author information

 

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between the cognitive changes of normal aging and dementia characterised by a reduction in memory and/or other cognitive processes. An increasing number of studies have indicated that regular physical activity/exercise may have beneficial association with cognitive function of older adults with or without cognitive impairment. As a traditional Chinese Qigong exercise, Baduanjin may be even more beneficial in promoting cognitive ability in older adults with MCI, but the evidence is still insufficient. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Baduanjin exercise on neuropsychological outcomes of community-dwelling older adults with MCI, and to explore its mechanism of action from neuroimaging based on functional MRI (fMRI) and cerebrovascular function.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS:

The design of this study is a randomised, controlled trial with three parallel groups in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio with allocation concealment and assessor blinding. A total of 135 participants will be enrolled and randomised to the 24-week Baduanjin exercise intervention, 24-week brisk walking intervention and 24-week usual physical activity control group. Global cognitive function and the specific domains of cognition (memory, processing speed, executive function, attention and verbal learning and memory) will be assessed at baseline and 9, 17, 25 and 37 weeks after randomisation, while the structure and function of brain regions related to cognitive function and haemodynamic variables of the brain will be measured by fMRI and transcranial Doppler, respectively, at baseline and 25 and 37 weeks after randomisation.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:

Ethics approval was given by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province (approval number 2014-KL045-02). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at scientific conferences.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:

ChiCTR-ICR-15005795; Pre-results.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

KEYWORDS:

Baduanjin exercise; Mild cognitive impairment; Randomized controlled trial

PMID:

27067894

PMCID:

PMC4838712

DOI:

10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010602

Effects of Qigong Exercise on Biomarkers and Mental and Physical Health in Adults With at Least One Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease.

Biol Res Nurs. 2016 May;18(3):264-73. doi: 10.1177/1099800415617017. Epub 2015 Nov 20.

Hung HM¹, Yeh SH², Chen CH³.

Author information

 

Abstract

Current medical technology permits the early detection of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults, and interventions are available to prevent CAD-related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Qigong exercise intervention in improving biomarker levels and mental and physical health outcomes in community-dwelling adults diagnosed with CAD risk factors, in a southern Taiwanese city. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (n= 84) group that participated in a 60-min Qigong group session 3 times per week for 3 months or a control (n= 61) group that did not receive the intervention. Self-perceived mental and physical health assessed with the Chinese Health Questionnaire-12, and body fat percentage were measured at baseline and 6, 12, and 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks for analysis of lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma sugar. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that experimental participants had significantly improved perceived mental and physical health and body fat percentage compared to the control group at 6 and 12 weeks but not 16 weeks. The lipid profiles were significantly more improved in the Qigong group than in the control group at 12 weeks. Qigong exercise, however, had no significant effects on hs-CRP, HbA1c, or fasting plasma sugar. Findings suggest that Qigong exercise improves a limited number of CAD risk factors in community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and over.
© The Author(s) 2015.

KEYWORDS:

Qigong exercise; biomarkers; coronary artery disease

PMID:

26590130

DOI:

10.1177/1099800415617017

Baduanjin Exercise Prevents post-Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Remodeling (BE-PREMIER trial): Design and Rationale of a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2016 Jun;30(3):315-22. doi: 10.1007/s10557-016-6660-7.

Mao S^1,2,3, Zhang X^1,2, Shao B¹, Hu X², Hu Y², Li W⁴, Guo L^1,2, Zhang M^5,6.

Author information

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is an established prognostic factor for adverse cardiovascular events and the leading cause of heart failure. Empirical observations have suggested that Baduanjin exercise, an important component of traditional Chinese Qigong, may exert potential benefits on cardiopulmonary function. However, the impact of a Baduanjin exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for patients recovering from a recent MI has yet to be assessed. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the potential role of Baduanjin exercise in preventing the maladaptive progression to adverse LV remodeling in patients post-MI.

METHODS:

A total of 110 clinically stable patients following an MI after undergoing successful infarct-related artery reperfusion will be randomly assigned to the Baduanjin exercise group or usual exercise control group. In addition to usual physical activity, participants in the Baduanjin exercise group will participate in a 45 min Baduanjin exercise training session twice a week, for a total of 12 weeks. The primary endpoint will be the percentage change in LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi) assessed using echocardiography from baseline to 6 months.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study may provide novel evidence on the efficacy of Baduanjin exercise therapy in post-MI patients in reversing adverse LV remodeling and improving clinical outcome.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02693795.

KEYWORDS:

Baduanjin exercise; Cardiac rehabilitation; Left ventricular remodeling; Myocardial infarction

PMID:

27106833

DOI:

10.1007/s10557-016-6660-7

Body Composition Outcomes of a Qigong Intervention Among Community-Dwelling Aging Adults.

 

West J Nurs Res. 2016 Jun 21. pii: 0193945916654907. [Epub ahead of print]

Chang MY¹, Chen HY².

Author information

Abstract

Aging causes various changes in body composition, which are critical implications for health and physical functioning in aging adults. The aim of this study was to explore the body composition outcomes of a qigong intervention among community-dwelling aging adults. This was a quasi-experimental study in which 90 participants were recruited. Forty-eight participants (experimental group) attended a 30-min qigong program 3 times per week for 12 weeks, whereas 42 participants (control group) continued performing their usual daily activities. The experimental group achieved a greater reduction in the fat mass percentage at the posttest, and exhibited increased fat-free mass, lean body mass percentage, and lean body mass to fat mass ratio compared with the controls. No difference between the two groups in body mass index, fat mass, and lean body mass was observed. These results indicated that the qigong intervention showed beneficial outcomes of body composition among community-dwelling aging adults.
© The Author(s) 2016.

KEYWORDS:

body composition; body mass index; fat mass; fat-free mass; lean body mass

PMID:

27330046

DOI:

10.1177/0193945916654907

Qigong in cancer care: a systematic review and construct analysis of effective Qigong therapy.

Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jul;24(7):3209-22. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3201-7. Epub 2016 Apr 5.

Klein PJ¹, Schneider R², Rhoads CJ³.

Author information

Abstract

PURPOSE:

This review (a) assesses the strength of evidence addressing Qigong therapy in supportive cancer care and (b) provides insights for definition of effective Qigong therapy in supportive cancer care.

METHODS:

This mixed-methods study includes (a) a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines and (b) a constant-comparative qualitative analysis of effective intervention protocols.

RESULTS:

Eleven published randomized clinical trials were reviewed. A total of 831 individuals were studied. Geographic settings include the USA, Australia, China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Qigong therapy was found to have positive effects on the cancer-specific QOL, fatigue, immune function, and cortisol levels of individuals with cancer. Qigong therapy protocols varied supporting a plurality of styles. Qualitative analyses identified common programming constructs. Content constructs included exercise (gentle, integrated, repetitious, flowing, weight-bearing movements), breath regulation, mindfulness and meditation, energy cultivation including self-massage, and emphasis on relaxation. Logistic constructs included delivery by qualified instructors, home practice, and accommodation for impaired activity tolerance.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is global interest and a growing body of research providing evidence of therapeutic effect of Qigong therapy in supportive cancer care. While Qigong therapy protocols vary in style, construct commonalities do exist. Knowledge of the common constructs among effective programs revealed in this research may be used to guide future research intervention protocol and community programming design and development.

KEYWORDS:

Cancer; Construct analysis; Content analysis; Qigong; Qualitative; Review; Tai chi

PMID:

27044279

DOI:

10.1007/s00520-016-3201-7